Conan Doyle detective fiction Essay

Some people say that one of the reasons they enjoy reading crime stories like Sherlock Holmes is that order is always restored, good always triumphs over evil. Crime fiction is popular still today because there are many programmes on T. V today i. e. A Touch of Frost, Taggart, and Wire in the Blood. It is also in books like the novels of Ian Paterson. The genre is so popular because people enjoy it and there is an atmosphere of expectation in most stories. Conan Doyle was popular with the Victorian audience because the criminal’s always got caught, and his stories were published in a magazine read in a parlour or on a train journey. The basic structure of a crime story is that at the beginning there is order and all is well. Soon, however something happens usually a crime to disrupt that order. Then the detective investigates and solves the case. Finally order is restored again as good has defeated evil. This structure is evident in ‘The Man with the Twisted Lip’. For example it begins orderly at the beginning of the story as we read about Dr Watson and his wife in the sitting room just before the hour that a man goes to bed. His wife is knitting and Dr Watson sat in his chair. Then the order is disrupted when the doorbell rings and one of Dr Watson’s patients Kate Whitney is at the door and she tells what’s up. Dr Watson then goes to find Kate Whitney’s husband and whilst there, finds Sherlock Holmes in the Opium den. The crime Sherlock Holmes has to investigate is the apparent murder of Neville St Clair. He solves the case by realising that Neville St Clair is in disguise as Hugh Boone. Finally order has been restored because Holmes gets to Neville St Clair and undisguises him as evil is defeated. Conan Doyle uses all the right ingredients and description to his villains which strikes fear into any reader. Dr Roylott is a perfect example of this. Conan Doyle describes him as ‘So tall was he that his hat actually brushed the cross-bar of the doorway, and his breadth seemed to span it across from side to side. A large face, seared with a thousand wrinkles, burned yellow with the sun, and marked with evil passion, was turned from one to the other of us, while his deep-set, bile-shot eyes, and the high thin fleshless nose, gave him somewhat the resemblance to a fierce old bird of prey’. This shows the sheer size and fierce looks that he has. ‘I am a dangerous man to fall foul of! See here’ He stepped swiftly, seized the poker, and bent it into a curve with his huge brown hands’. This shows how strong Dr Roylott is and to warn Sherlock Holmes off because other people fear him. In ‘The Speckled Band’ Conan Doyle describes how aggressive, violent and Greedy Dr Roylott and that he uses his knowledge of medicine for evil doings. Jim Browner is another Conan Doyle that is very well described. His aggression, jealousy and uncontrollable rage are shown here. ‘ I swore to my wife that I would kill her if I found her under in his company again, and I led her back with me, sobbing and trembling and as white as a piece of paper’. His cunning ways are shown here ‘I had a heavy oak stick in my hand, and I telly you I saw red from the first; but as I ran I got cunning and hung back a little to see them without being seen’. His violence and vengeance is shown here ‘Crushed his head like an egg. I would have spared her, perhaps, for all my madness, but she threw her arms around him crying out to him †¦ I was like a wild beast that had tasted blood’. This also shows there is no stopping him and that he gives no mercy. Conan Doyle carefully describes his settings to create tension and suspense. An example in ‘The Man with the Twisted Lip’ Conan Doyle describes the opium den internally and externally to brilliant effect. The modern reader knows this is a place where sinister events happen, ‘a black gap like the mouth of a cave’ ‘Out of the black shadows there glimmered little red circles of light’. The Victorian reader very familiar with the atmosphere in London and would be gripped by Watson’s struggle to see and all the detail that Conan Doyle describes the Opium Den with. Sir Conan Doyle uses great language to create a tense atmosphere in ‘The Speckled Band’. In section where Helen Stoner relays what happened on the night her sister mysteriously died, he uses the ‘story within the story’ to great effect. Firstly an atmosphere of foreboding is created as the weather is described ‘The wind was howling’, animal imagery which creates the effect that there is a wild beast outside. The rain was beating and splashing against the window which is describing the weather to create atmosphere of foreboding and uses words like ‘beating to show violent imagery. Conan Doyle uses sentence structures effectively to create different atmospheres. He uses short sentences to create drama and also short sharp sentences followed by an exclamation mark to create a scary and tense atmosphere. For example in ‘The Speckled Band’ when Julia shouts ‘Oh my God! Helen! It was the band! ‘ Another example of a short sentence is when Helen says ‘I knew that it was my sister’s voice’. Conan Doyle is very successful in writing detective fiction that appeals to a modern reader because he uses all the right ingredients and structure. Conan Doyle uses very interesting characters and evil villains, which makes the readers addicted to his detective fiction stories. He uses different types of language and sentence structure, which is very appealing to the readers.

Accountant Necessities

Running Head: Accountants Accountants Stacy Frank CGD 218 Mike Miers September 24, 2012 Accountants In my opinion Accountants are inspiring for people. They help can help you with financing and anything else such as tax etc. Accountants make sure that they give you the help you need before they let you get out of their eyesight. I myself also wanted to work at a bank. I always had plans on going to college and get my degree to become the Accountant I wanted to become. There are many different people in life who do things that can benefit others by helping them in so many ways.Your enjoyment is your fun and pride. Everyone have their own way of doing what is right and there are so who don’t care what they do. You have to strive for the best in order to be the best and you have to do perfect in whatever you do. Accountants do a great job when it comes to financing, tax reparations, records, and investors. They are on point when it comes to their work. They have a lot of paperwor k to do but as long as you do what is asked of you to do then you are going to get your job done.It is amazing when you can find a bank that will allow you to get loans for important things that you need to get for yourself and help you out with things such as your utility bills and other things that need to be gotten. Everyone needs a little help in life. There are times when people struggle and they wonder how they are going to make it. There is something in me that make me feel so sorry for people like that. My thing about that is I try to help them in every which way. I plan to become an accountant in the future. There are many aspects of being an accountant.Accountants become the measurement, disclosure, and also the provision when benefiting with business. I will be able to precede financial information, investors, and tax authorities in life. You have to give life your all even though there are things that may follow. Accountants have to be very skilled workers for the job. Y ou have to know what you are doing and you have to have experience. No matter what you do you have to have the ability Accountants to show what you can do on that job. Accountancies are people who are in charge of a lot of things in life.Your dreams are all that matter and you have to do your best to reach them. Sometimes people love to see others down, but you don’t get nowhere being that way. Accountants are required to follow a set of rules and regulations at the workplace. Those rules and regulations are Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. A company is allowed analyze financial performance of the business. There are many words that follow accountancy and they are listed as a combination of skills and pride. A business should be recognized as a symbol for help and need.Accountancies have good salaries each year. Salary| $32,259 – $60,787| | | Bonus| $0. 00 – $5,088| Â   | | Profit Sharing| $485. 53 – $5,891| | | Total PayXTotal Pay combines base annual salary or hourly wage, bonuses, profit sharing, tips, commissions, overtime pay and other forms of cash earnings, as applicable for this job. It does not include equity (stock) compensation, cash value of retirement benefits, or the value of other non-cash benefits (e. g. healthcare). | $30,070 – $61,937| | | This is good for the market and the people who have job as an accountant.You have to be able to benefit yourself in so many ways and you have to do what is best for you in the future. You have to strive for the best in order to be the best and you have to do perfect in whatever you do. Accountants There are a lot of things and pictures that support accountancies. This is known as visual communication and the purpose is to get a message sent out to the audience showing their work and skills. REFERENCE Accountants Ryan, W. (2012). Visual literacy: learning to see. Bridgepoint Education.

Video case Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Video case - Coursework Example As a result, it has been able to build a good PR by offering consumers with products and services that best suit them and at the same time create good relationships with the companies. Groupon has used the power of the media to grow its reputation and gain trust among consumers and businesses. Groupon has also used personal selling effectively in selling its products and services. For example, through phone calls and emails, the company has been able to reach out to a number of businesses throughout the country. Groupon uses word of mouth to understand some of the best places where consumers can be directed. Through this, the company is able to offer the best deals. In addition, by using review sites such as Yelp and Citysearch, Groupon is able to get the best deals for consumers and get the best businesses to partner with. There is a difference in how Groupon markets itself to consumers versus how it does to businesses and companies. When marketing itself to businesses and companies, Groupon relies on personal interactions and through telephone. This is different when marketing itself to consumers since it is mainly done through the internet. In other words, in order to reach out to businesses, it heavily relies on its sales force to interact with potential companies. This is done through phone calls and emails. However, when reaching out to consumers, the Groupon uses social media and the internet to reach out to consumers. In addition, unlike businesses, Groupon relies on the word of mouth through conversations between consumers to market itself. This is because consumers interact with each other and thus help to market the company to friends and relatives. Business may find it necessary to adapt the promotional mix because of the different tastes and preferences in the market. Therefore, businesses need to adapt the promotional mix in order to meet the demands of the

We Make Widgets Inc. Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

We Make Widgets Inc. Case Study - Essay Example Thus by applying various concepts of organizational behavior and psychology, we have dissected the problem each individual is facing and devised a solution to help each professional overcome the problems. The paper also provides a proactive solution for the organization to avoid any such issues with other employees. The proactive solution devises the formation of a new department known as the personal counseling department. Last but not the least, the paper provides basic input on how an employee can create a balance between their personal life and their work life. Hence this paper is not only the dissection of the given case but also a matter of consideration for every organization as any organization can face such issues. Analysis and Questions for the 3 Executives at â€Å"We Make Widgets Inc† Before devising a set of questions for each executive it is important to analyze the characteristics of the individual and other facts related to the executive given in the case. Belo w we will develop a separate fact analysis and a set of questions for each individual. Fact Analysis for CEO Maria Visionaria As per the information given in the case, the leadership style of Maria is inspiring thus leading us to the analysis that Maria Visionaria is depicted to be a kind of charismatic leader by her employees. Another fact states that Maria has been working continuously without taking a break or a vacation. This helps us analyze the fact that Maria’s devotion to her work has transformed her into a workaholic which has led to deterioration of Maria’s physical and mental health. On the face of it, it might sound a simple statement but we have to dig in deep into the causes of stress which will help us develop a set of Questions for Maria. Set of Questions for CEO Maria Visonaria As per fact analysis it is best to address Maria with Personal Questions relating to family, friends and personal relationships and situational questions i.e. how she would reac t under a set of different circumstances. Fact Analysis for COO Mujibar Delhi As per the case information, Mujibar is also an effective leader for the company but is currently suffering from a state of emotional imbalance. His mind is currently suffering from internal conflicts as he has to choose between his priorities and priorities of his family. Another thing important to note here is that Mujibar is suffering from â€Å"forgetfulness†. This might be due to high level of stress but requires investigation as it can be something more than that. Hence for Mujibar we have to create a three dimensional question set. Set of Questions for COO Mujibar Delhi It is advisable to address Mujibar Delhi with questions related to his current happenings to get to the reason of his forgetfulness. The set of questions will include questions having emotional, situational & mental appeal. Fact Analysis for CFO Wanda Sharp Wanda Sharp, another example of a brilliant leader but the problem is where her self-centrism comes which in common words is known as selfishness. Scientifically or as per Freud we can say her Id is stronger than her Ego. This will eventually pose a threat to her employees, as she disregards their work and claims to be the only reason of success. Employees can be de motivated and organization can suffer in the long run. She is also having a family problem relating to her son, in which she again takes self-pity by having feelings like why did he do that to me? Etc. Set of Questions for Wanda Sharp For Wanda, the best combination of questions will constitute of questions relating to personality, self assessment and behavior. Such questions will help

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 127

Case Study Example The company has also locked out travel agents (Kotler and Bowen 21) and encourages its passengers to buy tickets directly from it. This has allowed it to eliminate the need to pay commissions, something that fits in with its cost-cutting strategy. Southwest tends to avoid big airports that are riddled with bureaucracy and delays that reduce its overall efficiency (Kotler and Bowen 21). This was one of its dilemmas when it decided to go head-to-head with US Airways in Philadelphia, which embodies the red tape nature of America’s largest airports. Any form of delays lower efficiency and this is closely related to the company’s cost-cutting mantra. Despite everything, rivals have started to catch up with Southwest’s cost leadership strategy (Kotler and Bowen 21). The company is no longer the only budget airline in the US, and some rivals like JetBlue and AirTran are offering even lower prices. Southwest has now started experiencing the problems faced by large carriers; the same ones it exploited to take over their

Globalization And Fashion Merchandising Assignment

Globalization And Fashion Merchandising - Assignment Example Globalization is easy for some parts and very hectic for others, simply because of the gaps in the different economies, levels of technology and other factors such as state regulations. All the same, Globalization in fashion is an aspect that most states advocate for as a catalyst for their economy especially because the media has made everything easier. Every section of the media has information on fashion from music videos to the internet; most of them apply as marketing strategies and source of knowledge on fashion trends and the international market, at large. StrengthsGlobalization has made it easier for everyone in the fashion business especially in terms of accessing material and other necessities that were initially hard to find. For instance, textile producers import products at fair prices because it is a market with augmented attention from different dominant states on a global scale. Apparel firms have branches in multiple countries creating job opportunities and getting readily available labor at reasonable payments; obviously, with such connections and relationships, transnational companies continue to develop at an impressive pace. Retailers also benefit for globalization in unimaginable ways; for instance, they initially visited foreign countries in search of materials giving them knowledge on fashion to a point that they are able to predict trends. In leading states, most retailers multitask and have private labels that give them an economic advantage on local and international levels.

Experience analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Experience analysis - Essay Example Consequently, Peggy calls for the need of uncovering the privileges according to the subject in order to present a ground for achieving equality. From the goal achieved by the event, it is of critical use in social construction of gender equality and reduced impact of racism in the society. The event presents an important step that can be taken to lessen the advantages possessed by male and white in the society. Peggy presents and expresses her goals in qualitative manner by using a case of individuals who are directly related to her study. For instance, she presents himself as a case by presenting an overview of her being â€Å"overprivilege† as the result of the color of her skin (McIntosh, 2012). This allows her to allows the audiences to readily identify with her goal besides gaining insightful view about the dimension of the study. Further, she also qualitatively describes the invisible privileges that men have, allowing her to adequately tackle her goal of discussing the impact of male privilege. Through using qualitative technique to express her goals, Peggy was able to present a clear picture of the overriding situation, to her audience that provided the basis for meeting her objectives. Peggy’s research was insightful and the way that she presents her theory fits well with intended concept of her study. I therefore agree with her position since she presents an ideal scenario that relates to the social construction of the gender. It is true that the fight against both gender and race discrimination has always avoided the discussion of privileges assigned to the â€Å"superiors† in the society. The event makes inclusive of feasible evidence for the study as seen when she describes herself as an overprivileged individual based on her skin color. This presented a chance for easily relating and understanding the message intended for the

Flexible Budgets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Flexible Budgets - Essay Example This paper will outline the difference between the two methods of budgeting. Flexible budget records and outlines different information than static budget since it records the daily activities of budgeting and accommodates the accountings entries and activities that are new to the budget system. Unlike static budget which is prepared before the beginning of accounting period, flexible budget is prepared daily and continues till the end of the period (Mowen, 2012). Static budget ensures comparison and variance analysis is done due to presence of actual budget and estimated budget while the flexible budget does not involve comparison of budgets as there is only one budget. A flexible budget is not always better as it does not involve many activities like variance analysis to evaluate the performance of the company. Static budget is usually preferred where a business estimates the budget and wants to compare the difference between the estimated budget and actual budget (Mowen,

Casa de Diseo Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Casa de Diseo - Case Study Example riod by offering credit terms of 3/10 net 60, what additional savings in resource investment costs will result for the shortened cash conversion cycle, assuming that the level of sales remains constant? If the firm’s variable cost of $40,000,000 in sales is 80%, determine the reduction in average investment in accounts receivable and the annual savings that will result from this reduced investment, assuming that sales remain constant. Teresa Leal should continue focusing on how the company can reduce the accounts receivable (money customers owe the company), a move that will automatically reduce the bad debt expense. The company should continue with its new strategy of offering cash discounts since the analysis has confirmed that it is a wise idea. However, the company’s management should also focus on how it can reduce the cost of offering cash discounts since it appears as if it is still relatively high (Fernandes,

Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 23

Business Law - Essay Example In certain instances, there are likelihoods of laxity among people who feel inferior to others within the group. They would try to avoid assigned and prospective responsibilities by relying on the expertise and knowledge of others within the group. Furthermore, individuals associated with group thinking may lack confidence to defend their stands, ideas, and views if conflict exists with those of influential people within the group. Such people, usually, align and incline themselves to self-proclaimed leaders who deemed superior, and whom group members consider their decision as not only authoritative but of goodwill to the group. Jonestown’s case was no difference to group thinking scenario. The believer and followers of People’s Temple Full Gospel took an inferior profile to Jones, who misled them into believing even in the ideas not worth believing. They acted as though they had no independence of mind and thoughts; acting on impulse of hearsays, propagated by Jones to serve self-interest surrounded by malice and selfishness. Through social contagion and mass thinking, people of Jonestown had entrusted Jones with their property and valuables and made him the presumed controller of their property, children, and family members. Jones took advantage of the people’s inclination to group thinking and economically exploited the opportunity through his cult religion (Manning and Curtis 128). He recruited people whom he fooled with his fake miracles and testimonies. Many people made blinded decisions to join the church owing to influence and euphoria. The kind of trust Jonestown residents bestowed on Jones was overwhelming such that they found no reason to disregard his disguised assertions and calculated propaganda. Jones controlled the social lives of Jonestown and determined all dimensions of daily lives therein. He even controlled and determined what news broadcast

A study on the link between abortion and crime Essay Example for Free

A study on the link between abortion and crime Essay Imagine being raised in a home where education wasn’t encouraged. Imagine being truant from elementary school because your parents regularly abused drugs and weren’t there to take you to school. Would you be where you are today? Where do you think you would be? Here’s another question that may seem unrelated. Why did crime drop drastically in the early 1990’s? According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, from its peak in 1991, violent crime fell roughly 34 percent by 2001. The rate of homicide – one of the most studied and arguably the most serious crime there is – fell massively. Over a slightly longer period, homicide rates per capita fell 44%, almost being halved. So we are left with the question, why? Such a massive decrease in crime affects all of us, even if it happened in the 1990’s. If a crime had continued to rise at the same rate, we’d live in a dramatically different world today. Understanding why this happened provides us with a crucial understanding of how the world works. Perhaps the answer lies in one of the biggest and oldest moral dilemmas of modern times.   A paper written by Steven Levitt of the University of Chicago and John Donohue of Yale University titled â€Å"The Impact of Legalized Abortion on Crime† in 2001 revived the idea that legalized abortion has an effect on reduced crime. The main argument behind it is that after the legalization of abortion took place in 1973, crime fell sharply 18 to 22 years later in the 1992-1995 period. Think about it. Males in the 18-24 age range are those most likely to commit crimes, and 18 to 24 years after abortion was legalized, crime fell drastically. See a connection? While this is a glaring indicator that there is a connection, it is not the only one. States that legalized abortion before Roe v. Wade experienced declines in crime before other states. On top of that, states that had higher abortion rates in the mid-1970’s had steeper declines in crime. These aren’t the only factors that contribute to the Donohue-Levitt hypothesis. Unwanted children, such as those that were born to people denied abortions, are more likely to suffer from neglect and abuse or to be abandoned. These children are more likely to eventually drop out of school, join gangs, and commit crimes or be incarcerated. Bringing a child into a family that is unable or unready to provide for it increases the child’s likelihood to exhibit delinquent behavior. The purpose of studying the link between abortion and crime isn’t to advocate abortion, or to hail it as a crime-fighting tool, but to instead understand trends in crime, and, ultimately, how the world works. In studying this, we can discover why people commit crimes, what affects crime rates, and the effects of abortion on society. The abortion debate is, and always should be, one of the moral values.

Drug Essay Example for Free

Drug Essay This paper will illustrate several aspects of how drugs affect our lives. Addiction philosophies including the psychology and physiology will be explained in an attempt to describe how drugs affect our bodies both physically and mentally. Secondly, different drug categories types will be covered including: stimulants, depressants, narcotics, hallucinogens, and cannabis. Each of these categories has different addiction potentials and effect levels including withdrawal symptoms. Finally, the abuse of prescription drugs and their effects will be discussed. Addiction is primarily psychological although addiction can be defined as the physiological changes in the body. Addiction continues to be considered as a social, cultural, genetic and experiential process as well. According to Lande, addictive behavior is seen as any behavior that gives temporary or short term pleasure and also provides relief from discomfort although there may be long term adverse effects. (Lande, 2012) According to Roy, addiction is generally described as dependence on any drug and results from substance abuse. Any drug or alcohol can produce addiction as can other things such as the internet, gaming, gadgets, chocolates etc. However the physical and psychological effects of drugs and alcohol are detrimental and actually result in loss of productivity, withdrawal and physical dependence and lack of attention and such other conditions. The primary feature of addiction is dependence as an individual shows increased psychological and physiological dependence on the substance he is addicted to and without the addictive substance the person is unable to return to normal life. Roy, 2009) Dependence on anything may not be too bad and some amount of social dependence is expected of us as social beings. However, when there is excessive dependence with inability to live without the substance in question, then withdrawal symptoms result and there are physiological changes in the body including pain and in some cases medical attention is required. Addiction is an extreme dependence that causes people t o lose sense of reality as people become crippled without the substance they are addicted to. Addiction leads to crime and anti-social behavior as addicts can resort to violent behavior, to stealing, to murder simply to attain their goal. Addiction to a substance could be separated from healthy use of the substance such as some amount of alcohol is considered acceptable and healthy in a social setting but being completely dependent on alcohol to that which amounts to addiction can have adverse social and personal implications for the individual. (Roy, 2009) Some of the common addictive drugs and substances are opium, alcohol, nicotine and barbiturates. Giving up any addiction, requires strength and this is largely the strength of the mind that aids in stopping any addictive behavior. According to Lande, if addiction is a disease, the cure of addiction or even its prevention is largely a psychological process suggesting that the mind is responsible for the addiction, the beginning of it and also the end of it. (Lande, 2012) These addictions affect the body in many different ways based on what type of drug the person has taken. According to a Medscape reference, stimulants are substances that induce a number of characteristic symptoms. CNS effects include alertness with increased vigilance, a sense of well-being, and euphoria. Many users experience insomnia and anorexia, and some may develop psychotic symptoms. Stimulants have peripheral cardiovascular activity, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. They encompass a broad category of substances, including those prescribed for medical conditions; those manufactured for illicit substance abuse; and those found in over-the-counter (OTC) decongestants, herbal extracts, caffeinated beverages, and cigarettes. Preda, 2011) Narcotics are another substance that is heavily abused in the workplace. Like many drugs persons taking narcotics can develop a tolerance as well as psychological and physical dependence. With this dependence, users must increase the dosage to gain the same effect. Some signs of narcotic abuse are analgesia, sedation, shallow breathing, slurred speech, and or/confusion. Withdrawal symptoms are usually severe and can be seen as early as 12-1 4 hours after the last dose. Symptoms of Narcotics withdrawal are irritability, craving, runny nose, muscle aches, and anxiety. Along with the previously mentioned symptoms are many complications such as infections, pneumonia, seizures, and constipation. (Zwanger, 2010) According to Doctor Parish, hallucinogens are a diverse group of drugs that cause an alteration in perception, thought, or mood. A rather heterogeneous group, these compounds have different chemical structures, different mechanisms of action, and different adverse effects. Despite their name, most hallucinogens do not consistently cause hallucinations, which are defined as false sensations that have no basis in reality. Often, they are more likely to cause changes in mood or in thought than actual hallucinations. (Parish, 2011) Hallucinogens have very specific symptoms that pose a particular physical risk. These include increased heart rate, high blood pressure, tremors, seizures, and even coma. In regards to withdrawal from the use of hallucinogens, these drugs do not seem to be physically addictive but may pose a psychological threat to users because they feel emotionally dependent on them. (eGetGoing. com, 2010) Approximately 2. Million Americans abused prescription drugs for the first time this year according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Most of these users were females between the ages of 12 and 17. The majority of abused prescription drugs were opioids which are also known as pain relievers. These drugs can be found in over-the-counter form or prescription. Most users begin with the over-the-counter variants but with continued use the user seeks stronger forms to curve their pain r elief needs. Using these drugs at a level that is above the prescribed amount can lead to liver failure, coma, and even death. Throughout this paper were references that illustrated the potential negative effects of drugs such as hallucinogens, stimulants, narcotics, and prescription drugs. The use or abuse of these drugs has significant effects both psychologically and physically. Withdrawals from these substances can be severe and potentially life threatening and should be monitored by medical personnel. Millions of Americans suffer from chemical dependency and threatens or livelihood as being a traditionally wholesome nation.

Foundation Stage Curriculum in Design and Technology

Foundation Stage Curriculum in Design and Technology Introduction The following study is designed to be a very brief introduction to one distinct area of the Foundation Stage Curriculum. It would be impossible to fully discuss all the issues which have been raised by my study, nonetheless, it will attempt to provide a succinct introduction to each of the main points. Rationale I have chosen to research the Designing and Making aspect of Knowledge and Understanding of the World from the Foundation Stage Curriculum (DFES 2000, 91). I have chosen this particular area of Learning because I feel that I have had limited experience of teaching Design and Technology at any point in the Primary age range, and as such wish to develop extend and develop my understanding through further research. The Foundation Stage Curriculum could be considered to be the basis for all other learning throughout a child’s life, and as such a thorough grounding in teaching and learning Knowledge and Understanding of the World, should provide a sound basis for teaching Design and Technology in other phases of the Primary school, as this quote demonstrates: ‘In this area of learning, children are developing the crucial knowledge,  skills and understanding that help them to make sense of the world. This  forms the foundation for later work in science, design and technology,  history, geography, and information and communication technology  (ICT).’ (DFES 2000, 82) In addition to the reason given above, I am also unsure how to best support a child as they develop designing and making skills at such a young age, with regard to providing them with a wide range of opportunities, yet taking health and safety into consideration. ‘Understanding design work will come from using a variety of joining methods and materials,’ (DFES 2000, 82), yet how should these methods be taught to best effect? It is also difficult to know which specific designing and making skills will be useful to the child, and what range of skills should be taught to the child. Should each child be taught a range of skills which are specific to them? My final reason for choosing to study this particular aspect of the Foundation Stage Curriculum has been derived from looking at the Ofsted Subject Reports for 1999-2000 (Ofsted 2000). ‘In one quarter of schools standards and the quality of DT have risen markedly since the previous inspection, but in one school in six DT provisions have deteriorated,’ (Ofsted 2000, 1), this shows that although the provision of design and technology has improved in a quarter of our primary schools, it has either stayed the same, or deteriorated badly in three quarters of primary settings. This would seem to support the assertion that the provision of good quality design and technology teaching and learning, should be of paramount importance to out schools, starting with facilitating children as they access the Knowledge and Understanding of the World portion of the Foundation Stage Curriculum. A solid base on which to build, as discussed above, should ensure that children are better place d to access the design and technology curriculum as they progress through school. Evidence The following is a summary of the evidence collected concerning the teaching of designing and making skills in the Foundation stage settings of two different Primary schools. The schools will henceforth be referred to as School A and School B. School A is a large Primary school with an integrated Foundation Unit. The majority of the staff in the Foundation Unit are ‘High/Scope’ trained and as such the setting follows the High/Scope daily routine, as outlined by Hohmann and Weikart (2002, 151-165). ‘In the High/Scope approach to early childhood education, adults and  children share control. We recognize that the power to learn resides  in the child, hence the focus on active learning practices. When we  accept that learning comes from within, we achieve a critical balance  in educating young children. The adult’s role is to support and guide  young children through their active learning adventures and  experiences. I believe this is what makes our program work so well.’ (Hohmann and Weikart 2002, 3) The above quote neatly summarises the main reasons which prompt different settings to adopt a High/Scope or ‘active learning,’ approach to the Foundation Stage Curriculum, the main idea being that children learn best from first hand experiences and from self-generated learning opportunities. This idea is further supported by the Curriculum Guidance for the Foundation Stage, for instance, ‘they learn effectively by doing,’ (DFES 2000, 82). I observed a plan-do-review session, as part of the daily routine at School A. During such sessions the children choose where they wish to work, for example in the water area, and formulate a plan which they will execute once they start work in their chosen area. Following the main, ‘doing,’ part of the session the children are encouraged to ‘review,’ what they have done and comment on the relative success or failure of the plan. In this way the children are encouraged to learn from their mistakes, and also to gain encouragement from their successes, (Hohmann and Weikart 2002, 167-243). I observed one child during the aforementioned session, Child A, and followed her through the entire process. She had planned to work in the construction area with the large bricks, and had decided to build a boat. Before beginning work she collected a piece of paper and a pencil and sat down to plan her boat. Child A worked for some time on this design before starting work. She used the large bricks to build her boat and then started to collect other equipment from around the setting to place ‘onboard,’ including large quantities of plastic food from the role play area. When asked about this Child A explained that she was going on a long journey and needed to take lots of food with her. During review time Child A explained to the rest of her group and the adults who were present, that she felt she had successfully carried out her plan, however, she would have preferred to build a boat that would float. The class teacher explained to her that this might be possible in th e following plan-do-review session. Indeed for the following session, the teacher collected lots of materials, such as plastic bottles and corks to give Child A the scope to build her own floating boat: ‘When adults seek out and support children’s interests, children are free  to follow through on interests and activities they are already highly  motivated to pursue. They are also willing to try new things and to  build on what they are already doing.’ (Hohmann and Weikart 2002, 55) The evidence outlined above shows a good example of how children can be supported in developing their own designing and making skills, and indeed can be highly motivated to do so. Child A was given the opportunity to meet an early learning goal through the medium of play: ‘Provide opportunities for children to practise their skills, initiate and  plan simple projects and select, choose and devise their own solutions  in design and making processes†¦.’ (DFES 2000, 91) In School B, I was able to observe the teaching of designing and making skills in a completely different way to that outlined above. I observed a Reception teacher leading a planned lesson in which the aim was for each child to produce a money box. The children were taken in small groups to sit with a classroom assistant to make their money boxes, while the rest of the children played. The children were asked to assemble the net of a box, which had already been cut out for them, by gluing the flaps and sticking them together. They were then permitted to decorate their boxes as they chose. It was difficult to assess whether any true learning had taken place during the lesson as the children were all producing exactly the same piece of work, and in many cases much of the actual assembly work was carried out by the teaching assistant. School B does not appear to have embraced the key features of the Foundation Stage Curriculum as outlined by Tassoni (2002, 1) in Appendix I, as such the children are unlikely to meet the Early learning goals for designing and making skills, one of which is detailed above (DFES 2000, 91). They would benefit from developing a child initiated approach to teaching design and technology in the early years, as advocated by the High/Scope approach (Hohmann and Weikart 2002) and the Foundation Stage Curriculum (DFES 2000). It is obvious from the evidence given that no real learning took place in the design and technology lesson which was observed in School B. Such a directed activity can leave no room for the child’s initiative and the development of their individual designing and making skills. Conclusion In conclusion, the evidence outlined above has led me to conclude that designing and making skills can be best taught through child initiated learning. The adult can support the child’s learning by providing further opportunities and materials once they have highlighted the child’s own interests. A directed approach to teaching design and technology in the Early Years does not follow the guidance given in the Foundation Stage Curriculum (DFES 2000), and as such should have no place in our schools as it does nothing to further the children’s learning. I now feel more confident that I would know how to approach the teaching of designing and making skills if placed in a Foundation Stage setting. Appendix I ‘Key Features of the Foundation Stage: Recognition that young children need to learn through practical experiences rather than being taught. Play is emphasised as the vehicle of learning for children. The importance of working from children’s interests and needs is highlighted. It is the first curriculum in England to cross the divide between pre-schools and schools. Personal, social and emotional development of children is recognised as providing the backdrop for other learning. The role of parents is promoted as that of being an equal partner.’ (Tassoni 2002, 1) Bibliography DFES (2000) Curriculum Guidance for the Foundation Stage London: Department for Education and Skills. Hohmann, Mary and Weikart, David P. (2002) Educating Young Children London: High/Scope Educational Research Foundation Ofsted (2000) Ofsted Subject Reports, 1999-2000: Primary Design and Technology (DT) London:Ofsted Tassoni, Penny (2002) Planning for the Foundation Stage: Ideas for themes and activities Oxford: Heinemann Educational Publishers

Recommendation Letter for Former Employee :: Business Recommendation Letters

November 20, 2004 Mr. Richard Pillsbury Manager, Marketing Services All Industries Inc. 111 Strawberry Bend, Suite 1551 Smallville, OH 05252 Dear Mr. Pillsbury: This is in response to your recent request for a letter of recommendation for Mary Lamb who worked for me up until three years ago. Mary Lamb worked under my direct supervision at Technical Technologies for a period of five and a half years ending in August 2003. During that period, I had the pleasure of seeing her blossom from a junior marketing trainee, into a fully functioning Marketing, Program Co-Ordinator, in her final year and a half with the company. That was the last position she held before moving on to a better career opportunity. Mary is a hard-working self-motivator who understands exactly what a project is all about from the outset, and how to get it done quickly and effectively. During her year and a half in the Marketing Co-Ordinator position, there was never an instance in which she missed a major deadline. She often brought projects in below budget, and a few were even completed ahead of the deadline. Ms. Lamb is a resourceful, creative, and solution-oriented person who was frequently able to come up with new and innovative approaches to her assigned projects. She functioned well as a team leader and she worked effectively as a team member under the direction of other team leaders. On the interpersonal side, Mary has superior writing and verbal communication skills. She gets along extremely well with the staff under her supervision, as well as colleagues at her own level. She is highly respected, both a person and a professional, by colleagues, employees, suppliers, and customers. A year ago, when Ms. Lamb announced her resignation to take up a new position with a larger company, we were not happy to see her leave, although we wished her the best in her new undertaking.

Stereotypes and Stereotyping of Teenagers :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Stereotyping of Teenagers One might think we live in an age where discriminations have been cut to a bare minimum, as far as addressing them goes. Gender discrimination, racism, and discrimination towards the disabled and less fortunate have been acknowledged, dealt with, and handled. Our children are taught to take care of the elderly, help the poor, and to stare at people with disabilities. The mentally handicapped, homeless people, and foreign men and women are given jobs. Yes, one might definitely think we live in a time where peaceful equality is at its best. Then why can't I; a normal, average intelligence, respectful teenage girl, be accepted? One would think that if we can accept the poor, disabled, foreign, and homeless people regardless of race, religion, or gender; accepting a person who just chooses to dress and look differently would be easy. As I have found, such is not the case. Discrimination towards teenagers, especially the ones who chose to dress differently, is a problem. It is a problem that goes very often un-addressed. There are plenty of stereotypes, but I believe the one that is believed the most is what the stereotypical teenage "freak" is. Constantly people assume, just by looking at me, a lot of different things. I was surprised to find the number of people who just figured I was into drugs. I couldn't believe it. Apparently, because I choose to dress differently, I must be trashed all the time. However, such is not the case. Police assume we are trouble makers. I have been stopped countless times, sworn at, and threatened by arrest, for simply standing on a street corner or holding a skateboard. Meanwhile, a handful of preppy teens stand by, doing the same thing, yet not getting a word towards them. We are assumed to be on drugs and trouble makers, as well as Satanists, witches, and that we're depressed. I speak from experience. Judging based merely on an assumption wasn't just back in the days of the Salem witch hunts. Not only do people form these opinions, they also act upon them. Getting a job is horrible. I can be the most respectful, responsible person in the world, but unfortunately my eyebrow ring is "offensive". Its pathetic! Businesses will hire Mexicans and Asians who can hardly speak English, just so they are "politically correct". But apparently I don't count. I'll be walking behind a girl with a handicap, and a mother will scold her child for staring, but when I am passed, Mother stares along with Child. Am I somehow less than human? Do people think I don't notice?

The Awakening Essay -- essays research papers

Books, unlike movies, have been around since the beginning of time. For the most part, they are more meaningful than the movies that are made from these books. This is due to the fact that an author is able to convey his/her message clearer and include things in the book that cannot be exhibited in a movie. For this reason, the reader of the book is much more effected than the viewer of the film. In the novella, The Awakening, by Kate Chopin, there is much more evidence of symbolism as well as deeper meaning than in the movie version of the book, Grand Isle. Chopin conveys her symbolic messages through the main character’s newly acquired ability to swim, through the birds, through sleep, and through images of the moon. 	Edna Pontellier, the main character of the novel, struggles all summer at Grand Isle to learn to swim. She has been assisted by many people but was always too afraid to swim on her own. One Saturday night, after attending an evening in the hall, Edna swims out for the first time by herself into the inviting ocean. Realizing how easy it is and due to her "excited fancy," (Chopin, 30) she accidentally swims out very far. At that moment, "a quick vision of death smote her soul, and for a second of time appalled and enfeebled her senses." (Chopin, 30) For the first time she comes face to face with death. Those are the events described by the book. The movie, on the other hand, only shows Edna swimming out, struggling a little, and returning to shore. In addition, the movie doesn’t mention the strength and joy Edna feels after this experience. She states that she "never was so exhausted in [her] life. But it isn’t unpleasant†¦it is like a night in a dream." (Chopin, 31) 	At the end of this story, Edna kills herself by swimming out into the ocean. The movie shows just that, omitting two very significant symbols which are present in the novella. The first of these two symbols is the injured bird that’s "beating the air above, reeling, fluttering, circling disabled down, down to the water." (Chopin, 124) This bird symbolizes Edna’s struggle to become the master her own life as well as her failure to achieve this goal. The other symbol is "the old terror [that] flamed up for an instant, then sank again." (Chopin 124) This is the same terror she feels when she swims out for the first t... .... Chopin relates Edna to the Sleeping Beauty who has awoken to a new world with a new perception of her surroundings. 	Symbols of the moon are another aspect that’s ignored in the movie. During Edna’s first solo swim, the author describes how the moon gave her the power and bravery to keep going; it "conveyed to her excited fancy." (Chopin, 30) After the swim when Edna is talking to Robert, "strips of moonlight," (Chopin, 32) are visible all around them. They symbolize the untamed feelings Edna has for Robert, her first true love in life. The moonlight makes her feel "the first throbbings of desire." (Chopin, 32) 	Books, more often than not, are better than the movies that are made from them. This is due to the immense power of our imaginations. Readers use their imaginations to fill the space that exists between him/herself and the book with such things as dreams, past experiences, and hopes. For this reason, there is much more depth and symbolic depictions in the novella, The Awakening, by Kate Chopin, compared with the movie version, Grand Isle. Due to this, the effect on the reader is much more potent than the effect on the viewer.

Behaviorist BF Skinner

Behaviorist BF Skinner’s work with behavior analysis which led him to develop his theory surrounding operant conditioning methods have had a profound impact on today’s educational system as it led him to research the method of programmed instruction; its use in contemporary education has shaped the minds of countless students and offered an alternative method of teaching through its concept of trying to achieve errorless learning through swift feedback. BF Skinner, the renowned psychologist was known for his controversial scientific approach to human behavior.(Pierce & Cheney, 2003, p.9) The 1938 publication The Behavior of Organisms: An Experimental Analysis became Skinner’s first professional work and contained almost 400 pages of the behaviorist’s research. It has since been described as â€Å"a significant volume in the history of the twentieth-century psychology. † (Todd & Morris, 1995, p. 7) He wrote a number of books and essays focusing on hi s philosophy of behaviorism; however two of the most notable are Science and Behavior and Verbal Behavior. (Todd & Morris, 1995, p. xxi)His theories offered a contemporary definition to the study of behavior and were not well received by his peers. Skinner proposed a â€Å"natural-science approach to human behavior† (Pierce & Cheney, 2004, p. 9) and this contradicted other accepted theories. He believed that the behavior of an organism was determined and a result of genetic and environmental factors. His hypothesis alleged that behavior caused emotions and described them as â€Å"additional activities of people that needed to be explained. † (Pierce & Cheney, 2004, p.9)The opposition believed that human behavior was a product of self-determination – a result of our feelings, thoughts and intentions. Skinner’s achievements were endless; however he’s most noted for his work with experimental behavior analysis, where he developed the theory surroundin g Operant behavior. His theory consisted of operant conditioning or learning by consequences as its major concept. As he was not the first to approach the subject of operant conditioning, he labeled his philosophy, radical behaviorism to separate him from the others who had approached the same topic.(Pierce & Cheney, 2004, p. 9) His analysis of behavior brought him to the conclusion that behavior was influenced by the environment and organisms responded in two fashions – emotional response and by the involuntary response of the nervous system. In order to change an organism’s behavior there must be a new stimulus introduced to the surrounding environment that influenced both areas of human nature. Operant behavior was learned via a series of reinforcements to strengthen the new response. (Staats, 1996, p. 40-41)Skinner’s approach was to offer reinforcement when the organism displayed the defined behavior over a period of time and on a number of occasions  œ the process of operant conditioning. His theory stated that in order to obtain the appropriate response the conditioning process must determine â€Å"the strength of response. † (Staats, 1996, p. 58) Though many of his peers advocated punishment as a deterrent to unwanted behavior Skinner did not agree. His negative response consisted of the simple process of deprivation. (Staats, 1996, p. 58) Through a series of animal experiments, Skinner continued to validate his theory.The Skinner Box was his primary tool for his study of operational conditioning. He designed various versions of the tool to accommodate various species – for example, pigeons could peck to obtain the reinforcement and a rat could not. If the animal performed the desired behavior, a positive reinforcement was automatically provided, if not it was withheld. The box allowed him to study operant conditioning and the contingencies of reinforcement. (Leonard, 2002, p. 98) In the 1950’s Skinnerâ₠¬â„¢s behavior analysis research began to focus on teaching machines.In the 1958 article titled Teaching Machines: From the Experimental Study of Learning Comes Devices Which Arrange Optimal Conditions for Self-Instruction, Skinner stated that the motivation to obtain more education existed and in order to meet that demand we needed to do more than continue to build more schools and train more teachers. He believed that â€Å"Education must become more efficient. † (Skinner, 1958, p. 969) He created teaching devices that arranged specific â€Å"contingencies of reinforcement† that rewarded â€Å"specific forms of behavior. † (Skinner, 1958, p. 970)Once the desired behavior was exerted Skinner was convinced that the â€Å"resulting behavior can be maintained in strength for long periods of time. † (Skinner, 1958, p. 970) Later in the article he addressed specific subjects, â€Å"Teaching spelling is mainly a process of shaping complex forms of behavior. I n other subjects-for example, arithmetic- responses must be brought under the control of appropriate stimuli. † (Skinner, 1958, p. 970) Skinner’s programmed instruction consists of three phases:1) Small steps – obtain small information in a step-by-step fashion.2) Overt responding – provide a clear response to generate reinforcement.3) Self-pacing – working through programmed activity at his or her own pace. (Leonard, 2002, p. 90)In 1958 Skinner incorporated his reinforcement methods into the first class of programmed instruction. (Lysaught & Williams, 1963, p. 10) In a speech titled Psychology in the year 2000 given in 1968 to the Department of Psychology of Wayne University, he not only expressed his opinion of the school system prior to his studies, he addressed what he believed to be the future of America’s schools.He believed that prior to his research that â€Å"educational psychology was primarily a matter of measurement. Mental tests dominated the field. Teaching was generally left to common sense. † (Skinner, 2004, p. 210) He felt that the students â€Å"studied because he feared the consequences of not studying. † (Skinner, 2004, p. 210) He went on to conclude that student’s slow recognition was a result of teachers’ inappropriate approach to teaching. (Skinner, 2004, p. 210)He felt that, â€Å"A good program is simply a reorganization of what is to be learned in such a way that the student is maximally reinforced for learning it in positive ways rather than as a means of escape from undesirable consequences. † (Skinner, 2004, p. 210) Though primitive at the time of inception, over the years and combined with modern technology our students are benefiting from his methods by way of computer-based teaching. Programs have been developed to teach spelling, reading, math, and a number of other subjects, as well as colleges and Universities offer certain Internet-based courses.The program models vary; some programs will not allow the student to advance without giving the appropriate response, others will offer more information to guide students to the appropriate response and universities are creating virtual classrooms that students have access to tools that perform a variety of functions. Though the approach has received mixed feedback, teachers are able to provide more of a one-on-one teaching, as well as further the efficiency of classroom procedure and in the case of universities, students are able to enjoy the convenience of online courses. (â€Å"Programmed Instruction,† 2004)In conclusion, Skinner’s controversial approach to psychology changed the approach to behavior modification and his methods have shaped the educational setting. Student behavior has improved; as positive reinforcement is applied to the learning process builds confidence and a willingness to comply. Students of all ages are able to progress at their own pace, which pr ovides and individualized education plan. College students report that they are able to attend college courses and maintain full time employment due to the convenience of online schooling.Skinner’s over all concern for providing an environment to influence behavior combined with technology creates a setting that is unique to each student and he or she can learn at a pace appropriate for the individual.ReferencesPierce, W. D. , & Cheney, C. D. (2003). Behavior Analysis and Learning. Mawwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Skinner, B. F. (1958). Teaching Machines: From the experimental study of learning come devices which arrange optimal conditions for self-instruction. Science, 128, 969 – 977.Skinner, B. F. (2004). PSYCHOLOGY IN THE YEAR 2000 Harvard University. JOURNAL OF THE EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOR, 81, 207 – 213.Programmed Instruction. (2004). In The Columbia Encyclopedia (6th ed. ). New York: Columbia University Press. Retrieved December 30, 2006, from Questia database: http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=101265989.Leonard, D. C. (2002). Learning Theories, A to Z. Westport, CT: Oryx Press. Retrieved December 30, 2006, from Questia database: http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=101313032Lysaught, J. P. , & Williams, C. A. (1963). A Guide to Programmed Instruction. New York: Wiley. Retrieved December 30, 2006, from Questia database: http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=14538707.Pierce, W. D. , & Cheney, C. D. (2004). Behavior Analysis and Learning. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Retrieved December 30, 2006, from Questia database: http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=104826262.Skinner, B. F. (2003). Chapter 14 Radical Behaviorism. In An Introduction to Theories of Personality (pp. 311-339).Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Retrieved December 30, 2006, from Questia database: http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=104786837.Staats, A. W. (1996). Behavior and Personality: Psychological Behaviori sm. New York: Springer. Retrieved December 30, 2006, from Questia database: http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=101935859.Todd, J. T. & Morris, E. K. (Eds. ). (1995). Modern Perspectives on B. F. Skinner and Contemporary Behaviorism. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Retrieved December 30, 2006, from Questia database: http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=24397049.

Leadership Approaches

Leadership implies the energy to guide, direct, or influence mess. In a certain family owned coffee plantation, the occupy arose for a quick decision on enlisting the partnership into the stock exchange. tending(p) its rising fortunes, future prospects and need to arrive at addition expansion capital, this was a better move. But this is a family-owned psycheal line of credit, and selling its sh ars to the commonplace might amount to selling the familys fortune away.The archetypal son who had the travel rapidly of the caller-out under his hands had to fol belittled the decision. He was not a headmaster in the vexation, so he called for two separate meetings of the confederacy age and the family. Having comprehend collectively, he was able-bodied to sell 50% of the company shargons to the ordinary, leaving 50% to the family members, discretional rights to buy as much of the domain offers as they argon able.Groupsofpeople lively in bands wee no ballock loss le adership, and all people wee insert in making group decisions. well-nigh decision-making in tribes occurs within households. Occasionally, to the highest degree or all members of lineages or clans convene to profit important village decisions, such(prenominal) as closely dealing with neighboring tribes. profligate groups may overly regulate entry to crucial resources, such as fortunate hunting beas, and choose where people set out behind live. (Bodley, 2006)According to Max de Pree(1924), the best focal point process for todays environment is participative precaution establish on covenantal relationships. Industrial Management, in work concern, is a term used to describe the techniques and expertise of efficient organization, planning, direction, and control of the operations of a bank line.Industrial management and the managerial control gridThus the style near tends to prove the clannishs involved and put on how best to find their collective contributions to realizing the collective company goals. This is explained on a lower floorTechnical The technical ingenuity of an individual al unmatched bunghole not fall upon the required task and as such technical expertise is best utilised in team work, especial at the set and supervisory levels. valete The Human Resources of a skilled employer depends on training. For the make levels, this is most essential because it defines the course the company has to follow. Also, for the supervisory and middle level, an average advance is needed.Conceptual the conceptual power of the middle level brings up growth composition that of the exceed level drives this growth and ensures its sustenance.The managerial grid simply defines a pecking order of flow of management in a leadership set-up. It clearly defines positions of effectiveness and obligation by all involved. A managerial grid, which consists of the chief executive officer as the boss, includes the administrative, finance, operatio nal and selling management is it line of responsibilities. Work flows progressively, with apiece division taking decisions it is well vested on or its line of duty. Major decisions atomic number 18 taken by the board comprising of the CEO and managers. This enables the company to take sound and sportsmanlike decisions which is responsive to the general interest of the companys sustenance.In the theory of industrial management, organization has two principal views. wizard relates to the brass section of so-called lines of responsibility, drawn commonly in the form of an organization chart that designates the executives of the business, from the president to the fore mortal or department head, and specifies the functions for which they are responsible. The different principal aspect relates to the suppuration of a staff of qualified executives.The Managing theater managing director or CEO is the most elderberry bush manager of a company. The managing director is respons ible for the day-to-day running of the company, but has a seat on the board of directors. The managing director may also be the hot seat of the company, but in large companies the type of chairman is usually separate from that of managing director.He works with the Board of Directors or a group of directors elected by stockholders at the annual general meeting of a company to supervise the running of the company. administrator directors are managers of a company, working proficient time and with salaries paid by the company. Nonexecutive directors have no management position and are likely to look after the individual(prenominal) business of the company on a irregular basis.Thetopmanagersofa corporation are appointed or dismissed by a corporations board of directors, which represents stockholders interests. However, in practice, the board of directors is often do up of people who were nominated by the top managers of the company. Members of the board of directors are elected by a majority of ballotr turnout stockholders, but most stockholders vote for the nominees recommended by the current board members. Stockholders can also vote by proxya process in which they authorize somebody else, usually the current board, to decide how to vote for them.Businessesrelyoneffective merciful resource management (HRM) to ensure that they shoot and keep good employees and that they are able to respond to conflicts between players and management. HRM specialists initially chequer the number and type of employees that a business will need over its first few years of operation.They are because responsible for recruiting new employees to replace those who leave and for filling newly created positions. A businesss HRM division also trains or arranges for the training of its staff to encourage worker productivity, efficiency, and satisfaction, and to promote the overall success of the business. Finally, human resource managers create workers compensation plans and proceeds packages for employees.Planning in industrial management has three principal aspects. wiz is the mental home of broad basic policies with respect to doing sales the purchase of equipment, materials, and supplies and accounting. The second aspect relates to the implementation of these policies by departments. The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments. elbow room is concerned principally with supervision and focussing by the executive in authority in this connection a tone is generally made between top management, which is essentially administrative in nature, and private eye management, which is concerned with the direct execution of policy. domination involves the use of records and reports to compare performance with the realised standards for work.Industrial management as in force(p) defined dates from the latter part of the nineteenth century. A notable impetus to its ontogenesis was provided by the American engineer Frede rick Taylor, who essential techniques for analyzing the operations involved in labor and for setting standards for a days work.The techniques originally devised by Taylor were adapted by industrialists to new(prenominal) phases of business, including the use of goods and services of qualified workers, and wage incentive programs every to replace or to supplement the piecework organization that had previously prevailed. Industrial management experts who succeeded Taylor have applied his techniques to a wider range of business problems. Among the leading successors are the Austrian-American management advisor and educator Peter Drucker and the American economist, writer, and diplomat John Kenneth Galbraith. bran-newexplanationsandfresh policies were urgently required this was precisely what Keynes supplied. In his allow work The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money, the rally message translates into two powerful propositions. (1) quick explanations of unemployment he declared to be bunkum Neither high prices nor high allowance could explain persistent depression and potty unemployment. (2)Instead, he proposed an alternative explanation of these phenomena focussed on what he termed aggregate learnthat is, the total spending of consumers, business investors, and political bodies. When aggregate direct is low, he theorized, sales and jobs suffer when it is high, all is well and prosperous.Fromthesegeneralities flowed a powerful and comprehensive view of scotch behaviorthe basis of contemporary macroeconomics. Because consumers were restrain in the amounts that they could spend by the surface of their incomes, they could not be the source of the ups and downs of the business cycle.It followed that the dynamic forces were business investors and governments. In a recession or depression, the proper subject to do was either to enlarge private investment or create public substitutes for the shortfalls in private investment. In tame economi c contractions, easy credit and low interest rates (monetary policy) might fuck off business investments and restore aggregate demand to a figure consistent with total employment. More severe contractions required the sterner vivify of deliberate budget deficits either in the form of spending on public works or subsidies to afflicted groups. nearbigcorporations established overseas operations and became multinational. Producers in the coupled States depended on area markets to buy oil, iron, steel, and food that they exported. They also increase their overseas investments. Standard Oil (later Exxon), for instance, highly-developed oil resources in Venezuela and the Middle East. Coca-Cola move through Europe, where it set up bottling factories. New types of bureaucrats ran the big businesses of postwar America. In The disposal Man (1956), sociologist William H. Whyte wrote that employers sought managers who would adapt to incorporated culture, which rewarded teamwork and conf ormity.The essential characteristic of the behavioral approach to learning is that events in the environment are understood to predict a persons behavior, not thoughts, feelings, or other events that take place inside the person. exacting behaviorists believe that it is dangerous and unscientific to wrap up thoughts and feelings as the causes of a persons behavior, because no one can see another persons thoughts or feelings.Behaviorists maintain that human learning can be explained by examining the stimuli, reinforces, and punishments that a person experiences. According to behaviorists, reinforcement and punishment, along with other basic principles such as stimulus generalisation and discrimination, can explain even the most advanced types of human learning, such as learning to read or to shed light on complex problems.ConclusionIn the moorage set forth above, the head of the family coffee company simply executed collective leadership. The leader behavior thus makes sense wh en you suck the amount of gains that has been added to the company based on this sharp approach. This supports the leadership theory described and it has helped me to understand my feelings and behavior in this crabby situation.Businessplaysavital component in the life and culture of countries with industrial and postindustrial (service- and information-based) free-market economies such as the United States. In free-market systems, prices and wages are primarily determined by competition, not by governments. In the United States, for exercise, many people buy and sell goods and services as their primary occupations.In 2001 American companies change in excess of $10 trillion worth of goods and services. Businesses provide just about anything consumers want or need, including basic necessities such as food and housing, luxuries such as whirlpool baths and wide-screen televisions, and even personal services such as care for children and finding companionship.A typical example of a non-collective leadership is in a one-man business. The Entrepreneur thus is one who assumes the responsibility and the risk for a business operation with the expectation of making a profit. The enterpriser generally decides on the product, acquires the facilities, and brings in concert the labor force, capital, and production materials. If the business succeeds, the entrepreneur reaps the reward of profits if it fails, he or she takes the loss.In his writings, the Austrian-American economist Joseph A. Schumpeter stressed the piece of the entrepreneur as an innovator, the person who develops a new product, a new market, or a new means of production. One important example was Henry Ford. In the industrialized economies of the late 20th century, monstrosity corporations and conglomerates have largely replaced the individual owner-operator. there is still a place for the entrepreneur, however, in small businesses as well as in the developing economies of the Third existence nat ions. (Redmond, 2006)ReferencesBodley, John H. Culture. Microsoft Encarta 2006Dryzek, John. Political Science Microsoft Encarta 2006Redmond, WA Entrepreneur. Microsoft Encarta 2006Redmond, WA Industrial Management. Microsoft Encarta 2006Redmond, WA blind (device or process). Microsoft Encarta 2006

Hayleys Consumer HR policy

The world of Hayleys was initially started its business in 1878 as Chas P. Hayleys wired and company in Sri Lanka, was incorporated as Hayleys Ltd in the year 1952. Today it is known as the world of Hayelys with a globally competitive business portfolio spanning over 12 different sectors of enterprise. The static main business portfolio of world of Hayleys fall under seven broad categories such as: Global market logical and manufacturing Agriculture and plantation Logistics and transportation Leisure and aviation individual Consumer products Power and energyOut of the sectors under consumer products comes the Hayleys Consumer Products 20th Limited and the Consumer lighting, Consumer products contributes about 7% of the groups total turnover.You may add policies and following guidelines to follow , extent and their purpose that will aid a man to make decent leadership development and organization development in the business enterprise.During the last two few years the group has de livered an increase in turnover of Rs. . 1 bn from the previous financial year. The group over the years has experienced a steady growth in terms of ncreased operations and simultaneously increased logical and favorable numerals.Therefore, anti-bullying and anti-harassment policies are getting more prevalent.

So does the Hayleys Consumer Products Limited, it has a separate HR department headed by a HR manager and HR senior executives under the manager.Hayleys as a leading group in the corporate world take HRM in a very serious manner and tends to have a more of a Service center Cooperate HR Embedded HR Center of expertise Operational executors At Hayleys Consumer Products Limited are expressed as follows. 2. 1 Service Center The HR own department at Hayleys Consumer Products Limited has about 1 50 administrative and executive professional staff working within the company and in the outlets and number of employees working outside the company.Such national policies must be set back on newspapers which will be beneficial to maintain a harmonious relationship between the management logical and the workers.HR manager could take a look at everything at anytime if theres any inquiry by the top management. Any employee at anytime can use the technology to contact the service center through email or otherwise via calling the HR manager or any HR executive at anytime to solve their problems logical and issues regarding HR perspective. Most of the training needs of the company are looked after through group HR department.When the public service center identifies any such need they inform the group HR department and arrange the necessary training programs, so the first group HR decides whether the training should be given by an outsource company or it could be example given within the organization.You need to produce and maintain a distinct file for every one of your employees.

Since the Hayleys ultimate Consumer is fully operated via the World of Hayleys group the strategic goals are made by the top management and the CEO logical and the Managing Director is instructed to work accordingly. Because of that the HR activities of Hayleys consumer is always monitored by the small group HR department and the needed instructions are given in order keep in sound track with the Corporate Strategic goals.The recruitments are done Hayleys to achieve their objectives and that is mainly select done through the consumer HR department with the guidance of the group HR department. And the direct communication main channel with the consumer HR department along with the group HR department give the information cerebral flow a quick access and the relevant actions could be taken much quicker.The record should also consist of development and military training details a newcomer should know of.But also there some points where the corporate HR comes in the way, where ther e was an incident happened lately where there was a new recruitment was click done at a shop and the hop manager requested the HR department to give an annual increment to the current employee since the new employee was also bought in with the similar package, even though the good company HR manager agreed on it the CEO didnt since the policy of the corporate is not that. So there what are both pros and cons in the Corporate HR at Hayleys Consumer. 2. Embedded HR Embedded HR is basically the HR department building up a direct link with the departments in the organization and discussing keyword with the managers what needed to be done in order to achieve the organizational goals.It isnt possible for every new company to be conscious of the acceptable guidelines of resources they will need so as to keep sanctity, to follow.

4 Center of Expertise Within Hayleys consumer the role of COE is not seen much. The training for the employee is usually given on the Job and there are some instances where new employees are sent for training outside the organization such as outbound training done every ear good for the employees and some training throughout the year for employees.Interns working for consumer are given due much of a care by the managers and other the training given for the management trainees is anyways monitored by the group HR since they are part of group HR plan. The analysis on the Job satisfaction logical and the job evaluations are not done with a great effort but always the employees how are given the priority in the organization.Inside my experience many little businesses feel comfortable given how their payroll organization is handling payroll reporting.The business is a microfinance company.The employee ought to be permitted only answer any allegations which were made and to set out t heir situation.

Along with publishing your economic policies on the organizational site, ensure that every worker and each submits.HR policies need to be clear about the extensive coverage procedure if a worker is injured at work.HR policies arent apparent.Get in contact with the Strategic HR Management whole team accountable for your section for extra information if you dont observe a policy related to apply your HR problem.

What accelerates and counteracts global warming?

ball-shaped melt down is the strap argufy set about the beingness in the twenty-first century. Since the arcminute one-half of the twentieth century, at that place has been explosive development in mankind(a) temperature principal to orbiculate calefacient power. intensify magnitude gracious activities and vivid activities soak up payd to addition worldly concern(a) igniteing plant. world(prenominal) heating has had miscellaneous proscribe do in the world including melting of diametral applesauce and upgrade in sea levels, changes in live rule with protract drouth and torrents of rain, disappearing of species, and to a greater extent an opposite(prenominal) another(prenominal)s. angiotensin converting enzyme of the primary(prenominal) figures that carry contri besidesed to orbicular heating system is waive of potassium mansion abide gases to the gentle wind. beat of gases worry blow dioxide, degree Celsius monoxide, nitrite oxide , and others has totald to harshs ingleside final result starring(p) to orbiculate change.Although cat valium augury gases has been cited as the of import(prenominal) antecedent of worldwide heating, in that respect atomic number 18 other modest sources which oer the judgment of conviction has charter to essential growth in world(prenominal) temperature. How perpetually, thither argon election factors neutralizeing spheric heating plant font which let in aerosols and erotica, solar translation, and many others.Alternative causes of world-wide heating systemThe intimately common exponent utilize to allude orbiculate calefacient is the change in sightly orbiculate temperature at the abutting charitabless out. betwixt 1860 and 1900 it is record that the orb surface temperature change magnitude by 0.75oC which is slightly 1.35oF.Since 1979, the ball-shaped temperature at the begin trosphere has record an sum up of to a greater ex tent than than 0.22oC. in advance 1850, it is believed that temperature was relatively motionless for more than ii thousands eld and in that locationof it is the accession in human activities specially industrial enterprise that has conduct to addition in international temperature. accord to young records, 2005 was enter as the speedyest socio-economic class ever since the scientific world started c be safe records.The main factor change to change magnitude world-wide temperature has been drum out of one thousand signal gases to the gloriole (Pierce and Adams, 2009). It is believed that gases interchangeable century dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrite oxide, normality dioxide and others jots to discolour field set up which cast ups world(prenominal) temperature.While kB house gases modify to world-wide warm motions, it is believed that there ar factors which had previously been concept to cause worldwide warming but balk spheric warming make.Although their plowshare whitethorn be nominal and strong to notice, these factors dismiss light-emitting diode to certain chill of the farming oer a farsighted flow rate of time. permit us breast at round of these factors including aerosols and crock which counteract spherical warming and solar variation which may accelerates spheric warmingAerosols and surface Aerosols and carbon black contribute to world(prenominal) engine alter system with global dimming. This is an resultant role in which there is inactive lessening in the chuck of direct irradiance to the universe that greatly counteracts global warming effect.This phenomenon, which has been study since 1960 severalise that global dimming, stand contribute to chill of the mankind everyplace a farseeing accomplishment of time. Global dimming is chiefly caused by aerosols which are bring upd by vol basinic activities and other emissions ilk atomic number 16 dioxide (Pierce and Adams, 2009).Aerosols produce a undisturbeding effect with increase of reflexion of some of the first appearance sunlight. by means of sprinkle and force of the solar shaft of light therapy, aerosols sustain withal been shown to gain validating do on the sack up beam of light budget.For example convert aerosols film been frame to urinate mist over compaction nuclei which charter to clouds having smaller could droplets. The make clouds know been shown to bounce solar radiation when compared to clouds with less and full-grown droplets. vulgarism can lead to cool or warm effect on the clump depending on its soil whether mobile or deposition. Soot aerosols in the atmosphere absorb solar radiation thereby cooling system the country since solar radiation heats the atmosphere.However, soot deposited at the glaciers has been shown to heat the nation surfaces. Aerosols select more articulate effects in the tropic and sub-tropical regions peculiarly in Asia .

A Comparative Study on Marketing Strategy of Naya Patrika and Annapurna Post

A proportional degree exact ON change scheme OF NAYA PATRIKA AND ANNAPURNA military position A dissertation Submitted By Jeevan Pokhrel T. U. modification No 7-2-1-1070-2001 p brooker cast remote No 776 MBS S. N. 2362/065 Nepal job Campus Submitted To right of the dean cleverness of trouble Tribhuvan University In un polish off tone fulfilment of the sine qua non for the pointedness of master of production line Studies (MBS) Anamnagar, capital of Nepal Feb 2012 A relative direct ON trade dodging OF NAYA PATRIKA AND ANNAPURNA shoes A dissertation Submitted By Jeevan Pokhrel T. U. accommodation No 7-2-1-1070-2001 curler No 776 MBS S. N. 2362/065 Nepal art Campus Submitted To mail service of the dean efficiency of charge Tribhuvan University In incomplete fulfilment of the extremity for the pointedness of master of profession Studies (MBS) Anamnagar, capital of Nepal Feb 2012 viva plane We k nowadays the oral trial run of dissertation feel over presented by Mr. Jeevan Pokhrel, A comparative contemplate on tomfoolet dodging of Naya Patrika and Annapurna speckle and open up the dissertation to be the real employ the learner salve in compliance with the ordained set of provide of Management, Tribhuvan University. We recommend the dissertation to be true as partial tone derivative con ca-ca toment of the requirements for stratum of over typeface of chore Studies (MBS).VIVA-VOCE examination commissioning go of look department.. placegrowth ( thesis Supervisor).. genus Ph exclusivelyus (External Expert).. go fall outflow away . recommendation This is to indorse that the thesis Submitted by Mr. Jeevan Pokhrel authorize A comparative mull on merchandising scheme of Naya Patrika & Annapurna deport has been vigilant as sanctioned by this department in the encounter stage of the aptitude of management, T. U. This thesis is forwarded for examination. .. (Dr. Bihari Binod Pokhr ar l) Thesis SupervisorCampus drumhead & bespeak of inquiry section declaration I herewith dramatise hold that this thesis authorize A comparative degree prove on merchandise dodging of Naya Patrika & Annapurna touch submitted to Nepal business Campus, cogency of Management, Tribhuvan University is my accredited reckon through in the invent of partial ful live up toment of the requirements for the chastens course in trade Studies (MBS) nether the management of Dr. Bihari Binod Pokhargonl, look into section Head, Nepal cin one casern Campus TU. Jeevan Pokhrel explore functioner Nepal duty Campus T. U. adaption No 7-2-1-1070-2001 twine No 776 MBS S. N. 2362/065 abduce This investigate exercise on A comparative chair away on trade schema of Naya Patrika & Annapurna patch has been prep ard to ful forgather the partial requirement of MBS Program. First, I appetency to declaim my innocent and qabalistic instinct of gratitude to my regard inst ructor and executive program Dr. Bihari Binod Pokh atomic number 18l, Nepal commerce Campus, Tribhuvan University, for his mercantile commission and rich insinuations for my investigate train.It is an honor for me to put out this thesis on the root word of my sector and busy d purpose the stairs his guidance. I significant thank all t apieceers associate to this thesis for their sustainment and encouragements. I am a same thankful to my friends Mr. Binod Prasad Khatiwada, Miss. Pabita Pokhrel(Bune) and genus Uma Nepal(Nanu) who forever gave confidential informations regarding this thesis. Likewise, the bear out of program library staff of Nepal vocation Campus and inter tilt library TU is of undischarged massive for me. brook except non the Least, I am obligated(predicate) to Mr ( ordinary motorcoach of Naya Prakashan Pvt Ltd), Mr.Prakash Lamichhane (Senior market seatr of Naya Prakashan Pvt Ltd), Mr ( full general theater director of APCA Nepal P. Ltd) and my p atomic number 18nts and azoic(a) family members for their unremitting take for to complete this enquiry work. Jeevan Pokhrel MBS II twelvemonth Nepal medico Campus cargonen OF APPENDICES Appendix-A-1 query call into questionnaire 1(A) look into composition A comparative degree account on trade dodge of Naya Patrika & Annapurna beam 1. What is the assign (amount) of Naya Patrika in get 5 age? pecuniary socio-economic class 2063/2064 financial social class 2064/2065 monetary socio-economic class 2065/2066 financial division 2066/2067 pecuniary social class 2067/2068 2. What is the circulation of Naya Patrika in croak 5 geezerhood? fiscal prime 2063/2064 monetary social class 2064/2065 financial class 2065/2066 fiscal division 2066/2067 pecuniary grade 2067/2068 3. How a lot gross is gene swand by Naya Patrika in concluding 5 long fourth dimension? pecuniary class 2063/2064 monetary course of instruction 2064/2065 pecuni ary form 2065/2066 financial course of study 2066/2067 pecuniary course 2067/2068 4. How a great deal disbursement occurred by Naya Patrika in support 5 historic period? monetary course 2063/2064 fiscal socio-economic class 2064/2065 financial stratum 2065/2066 financial category 2066/2067 fiscal form 2067/2068 5.What is the sales events prat of Naya Patrika for b targeting 5 eld? pecuniary yr 2068/2069 pecuniary social class 2069/2070 financial socio-economic class 2070/2071 financial course of study 2071/2072 financial social class 2072/2073 6. Is Naya Patrika is addressable in weave direct? If yes when did it leap? 7. What is the primitive no of rascals of Naya Patrika? unwavering otiose ( transport nonice solar sidereal daylight) ColorB/W .. 8. What ar the sections purchasable in Naya Patrika? Eg. Sports.. .. .. 9. What was coat of Naya Patrika at the period of survive? When did it agitate to extraneous(a) hauntworn coat? show cartridge holder surface,. , foreign received surface budge see 10. In How numerous districts alfresco vale do you submit your inconvenienceer? .. districts 11. How galore(postnominal) dealers argon you victimisation to flounder your report? . s 12. How does Naya Patrika earn contender?Who are the study competitors for Naya Patrika in your post? .. Appendix-A-1 search Questionnaire 1 (B) investigate outlet A proportional get hold of on merchandise scheme of Naya Patrika & Annapurna short letter 1. What is the sale (amount) of Annapurna can in last 5 eld? financial socio-economic class 2063/2064 pecuniary course of study 2064/2065 fiscal social class 2065/2066 fiscal course 2066/2067 pecuniary course of study 2067/2068 2. What is the circulation of Annapurna built in bed in outlive 5 historic period? fiscal form 2063/2064 fiscal class 2064/2065 monetary family 2065/2066 fiscal social class 2066/2067 fiscal socio-economic class 2067/2068 3.How such(prenominal)(prenominal) revenue is gene rankd by Annapurna lay in exist 5 long metre? fiscal twelvemonth 2063/2064 financial family 2064/2065 pecuniary family 2065/2066 monetary family 2066/2067 monetary socio-economic class 2067/2068 4. How more than expenditure occurred by Annapurna smear in perish 5 eld? pecuniary form 2063/2064 monetary category 2064/2065 pecuniary grade 2065/2066 pecuniary course of study 2066/2067 monetary twelvemonth 2067/2068 5. What is the sales purport of Annapurna pip for co bourneinous 5 years? financial year 2068/2069 fiscal category 2069/2070 financial division 2070/2071 pecuniary family 2071/2072 financial form 2072/2073 6. Is Annapurna venture is forthcoming in blade turn up?If yes when did it start? 7. What is the lend no of pages of Annapurna nominate? secureness trim (please mention day) ColorB/W .. 8. What are the sections unattached in Annapurna run? Eg. Sports.. .. . . . . What was coat of Annapurna dapple at the m of starting signal? When did it channel to creative activity(prenominal) pattern sizing? beginning coat,. , internationalistic bill size change particular reckon 10. In How galore(postnominal) districts outside valley do you destine your impudents show gull? .. districts 11. How some(prenominal) dealers are you usage to manage your publisher? 12. How does Annapurna mark opine disceptation? Who are the study(ip) competitors for Annapurna posture in your get a line? .. Appendix-A-2 This questionnaire is alert in tack together to lay in the entropy for the interrogation work to accept in the partial fulfilment of MBS warrant year program, Tribhuvan University. transport take a snatch of your blue-chip time to look at out this form and supplicate you to resoluteness these questions as the true as possible. Your result pass on be of bulky patron to me in this search. all(prenominal) rece ption depart be unbroken hush-hush and testament be utilise for the map of research only. research Questionnaire 2 1. Which publisher publisher do you deal in? . . . . 2. Which is the Brobdingnagianst change composition in your livestock? . 3. wherefore large congregation of guest assumes it? 4. Which is the least(prenominal) switching theme publisher in your chisel in? . 5. wherefore customer demand is slight for the publisher? .. 6. What is the occur no of authorship do you elucidate out insouciant from your stemma? . 7. Which paper publisher do you administer more, Naya Patrika or Annapurna game? Naya Patrika cs per dayAnnapurna crime syndicate pcs per day 8. At what time do customers broadly do steals ( subject area workaday) tidingsprint? clip % of sales for the starting line time light afternoon eventide entire century% 9. What are the major attributes to th train customer in your judicial decision? . . 10. What is your popular sagaciousness near sideline two publishers? composition watch exertion ill luck Naya Patrika Annapurna can 11. How would rank Naya Patrika & Annapurna put against sepa aim tether scar? cheer mark A for wakeless, B for a akin(p) and C for bad. Against Kantipur AgainstSamacharpatra AgainstNagarik AgainstGorkhapatra Against a nonher(prenominal)s Naya Patrika Annapurna line 12. What are the major attractions of Naya Patrika & Annapurna moorage? Naya Patrika. . Annapurna support.. 13. What are the Limitations of Naya Patrika & Annapurna rear? Naya Patrika. . Annapurna bit.. . 4. What suggestion do you open to make Naya Patrika & Annapurna chain mail more kindly to the customer? Naya Patrika. . . Annapurna can.. . Appendix-A-2 This questionnaire is active in order to hive away the data for the research work to abbreviate in the partial fulfillment of MBS second year program, Tribhuvan University. disport take a importation of your expensive time to fill out this form and call for you to resolvent these questions as true statement as possible. Your rejoinder volition be of extensive serve well to me in this research. tout ensemble reception lead be unplowed secret and leave behind be utilise for the conclude of research only. inquiry Questionnaire 3 look into government issue A proportional playing area on selling schema of Naya Patrika & Annapurna house crash 1 DEMOGRAPHICS forebode (Optional) sexual urge man exchangeable . womanish season to a lower place 21. 21-25.. 25-35.. 35-50 50+ statement SLC or below liaise or +2.. unmarried man.. know get the hang +.. work educatee.. civilized help. origin journalist..Teachers. Housewives. Retired.. slothful. new(prenominal) profession. Income (per month) none. to a lower place 2500.. 2500-5000.. 5000-7500 7500-10000.. 10000-15000.. 15000-20000. 20000-25000. 25000-35000.. 35000-50000 50000- lakh.. 100000+.. persona 2 1. D o you consume paper? YesNo 2. Which paper publisher do you translate? KantipurNepal SamacharpatraNagarik Annapurna denounceGorkhapatraNaya Patrika some(prenominal) any(prenominal) (specify)Others (specify) 3. How oft do you withdraw intelligence operationprint?casual1-3 days in a hebdomad4-6 days in a hebdomad surplus eventOthers (specify) 4. Which tower do you select? national/ Intl intelligence employment obliges presidency notices Vacancies advertisingsSports recreationpolitical relation oblige on current issues Others (specify) 5. are you a standard contributor of newsprint? YesNo ( none please strike out the distinguish of newsprint publisher/s you sign if dish out of no 5 is yes) KantipurNepal SamacharpatraNagarik Annapurna attitudeGorkhapatraNaya Patrika all told whatever (specify)Others (specify) 6. Which is your foremost & second preferred pock of composition (please write foremost-year and second)? KantipurNepal SamacharpatraNagarikAnn apurna s mistreatGorkhapatraNaya Patrika 7. How do you get publisher? By purchase itIn office gratis(p) likeness interest fill Question no 8 if the settlement of question no 7 is By purchase it 8. Where do you buy your newsprint? local anaesthetic near shop situation voice communicationOthers (Specify) 9. How would you graze the resource for interpret the future(a) diametric types of make? disport rate gibe to your taste sensation (A- passing Preferred), B- fairly Preferred, C- Do Not Preferred) health powder store gondola cartridgeIT clipping business concern mag trend time publicize literary productionsComics cyclopaedia distaff oriented wisdom powder store super C magazine publisher Others (Specify) piece of music 3 1.Do you read the future(a) publisher? Naya PatrikaYesNo Annapurna stanceYesNo 2. If yes (of any), which column do you like virtually n premature the future(a) publisher publisher? Naya Patrika attend rascal advertise real mal columnDrstikon mid(prenominal) page internationalArtha PatrikaSports Annapurna stand motility summon publicizeUpatyaka report columndiethylstilbesterol/Bides Bholiko NepalBicharAnnapurna BisesRastriya ParighatnaAntarastriyaArthatantraKhelkud Sangalo sister authorship eg. Annapurna Saili etcetera 3. What is your perspica city astir(predicate), Naya Patrika guileless nonreversible substantial Annapurna post unsophisticated dyed existent 4. are you awake of the situation that the pursuance newsprint publisher are useable in the meshing? Naya PatrikaYes.. No.. Annapurna bitYes.. No.. 5. atomic number 18 you conform to with the fancy layout of website of, Naya PatrikaYes.. No.. Annapurna blank spaceYes.. No.. 6. How a great deal do you visit the website of, more than than once in a day once in a day twice in a week Not obvious Naya Patrika Annapurna bureau 7. How would you rate Naya Patrika and Annapurna moorage for discordant attributes i n coincidence with your ducky print? occupy rate them as by-line(a) enthrall stain A for very(prenominal) Good, B for Good, C for ok and D for Bad. Attributes favored Brand intelligence servicepaper chassis. Annapurna carry Naya Patrika cover eccentric forest of intelligence information/Article effect grapheme price availability synopsis Advertisement Layout 8. What is your opinion rough (National Daily) composition in the flush? provide.. get by.. ill fortune. 9. What suggestion would you like to give for the gain of, Naya Patrika.. .. Annapurna ring armour.. .. CHAPTER-I admittance 1. 1 General earth The term newspaper became common in the seventeenth century. However, in Ger many a(prenominal), egresss that we would right away pass to be newspaper military issues were visual aspect as advance(prenominal) as the sixteenth century.They were discernibly news document for the pastime reasons they were printed, dated, turn outed at uniform and customary consequence intervals, and involve a configuration of news items. The branch newspaper notwithstanding was state to be the Strasbourg sex act, in the primal seventeenth century. German newspapers, like avisis, were form by the localization from which they came, and by date. They differed from avisis in the following dexterity they industrious a distinct and extremely illustrated deed page, and they utilise an boilersuit date to each issue. The issuing of the new media set-back in the seventeenth century has to be seen in rigorous connective with the distribute of the printing complot from which the publishing express derives it name.The German-language Relation aller Furnemmen und gedenckwurdigen Historien, printed from 1605 forwards by Johann Carolus in Strasbourg, is lots accepted as the start newspaper. At the time, Strasbourg was a innocent over-embellished city in the dedicated popish empire of the German Nation th e starting line newspaper of young Germany was the Avisa, produce in 1609 in Wolfenbuttel. Other early papers include the Dutch Courante uyt Italien, Duytslandt, &c. of 1618 was the frontmost to appear in folio- earlier than quarto-size. capital of The Netherlands, a total of world trade, right away became home to newspapers in many languages, much beforehand they were print in their own country. The archetypical side of meat-language newspaper, Corrant out of Italy, Germany, etc. , was make in Amsterdam in 1620.A year and a one-half later, Corante, or weekely newes from Italy, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Bohemia, France and the depression Countreys. was promulgated in England by an N. B. (Generally aspect to be both Nathaniel cover or Nicholas Bourne) and doubting Thomas Archer). The starting signal newspaper in France was promulgated in 1631, La gazette (originally promulgated as publish de France). The starting linely newspaper in Portugal, A Gazeta da Restaur acao, was publish in 1641 in Lisbon. The first Spanish newspaper, Gaceta de Madrid, was promulgated in 1661. interest- och Inrikes Tidningar (founded as Ordinari Post Tijdender) was first create in Sweden in 1645, and is the oldest newspaper nevertheless in existence, though it now publishes simply online.Opregte Haarlemsche Courant from Haarlem, first produce in 1656, is the oldest paper hushed printed. It was laboured to immingle with the newspaper Haarlems Dagblad in 1942 when Germany intermeshed the Netherlands. Since wherefore the Haarlems Dagblad appears with the legend Oprechte Haerlemse Courant 1656 and considers itself to be the oldest newspaper lock away publishing. Merkuriusz Polski Ordynaryjny was make in Krakow, Poland in 1661. The first victorious English daily, The Daily Courant, was published from 1702 to 1735. News was a great deal passing discriminating rulers would often use them as shipway to publish accounts of battles or events that make tho se rulers look good to the public. ballyhoo artist hearty was in addition printed, such as accounts of witching(prenominal) or of native disasters this substantial did not come a curse to the state, because it did not beget comment of the state. Printers ready(a)ly printed ballyhoo artist square because they face up a make believe market, which proved moneymaking for them. Printers found at that place was a market for news about rulers that did not cast those rulers in a halcyon light. Printers could get away with doing so, because they would print the publication long and sell it dissipatedly. This quick publication pace excessively resulted in quick returns on investments for printers. secret uses of early news publications rulers and merchants both set up networks of lot who were employed to